In Jain tradition, 24 Jinas (or Tīrthankaras) appear in every upward and downward time cycle, but three hold special significance in devotional practice. Rishabha, the first Jina, is revered as both a spiritual teacher and the first king and lawgiver, with his mother said to have attained liberation upon witnessing his enlightenment. Mahāvīra, the 24th and final Jina of the current cycle, was a contemporary of the Buddha who renounced royalty, practiced intense asceticism, and achieved omniscience, shaping the foundation of modern Jainism. Pārśvanātha, the 23rd Jina, is remembered for his story of overcoming seven lifetimes of conflict, ultimately achieving liberation with the aid of the Serpent King Dhundiraja, symbolizing protection and karmic resolution.