Children's Changing Perceptions of Bululs: From Fear to Familiarity
Eulalie Dulnuan reflects on how children’s perceptions of bululs—sacred Ifugao wooden guardian figures—have changed over time. She explains that in the past, bululs were considered intimidating and even dangerous, with people asking owners whether a figure might “bite,” a local expression describing spiritual potency that could cause discomfort or illness after an encounter. Today, however, schoolchildren show little fear, likely due to increased exposure and the modern commercialization of bulul imagery. Once revered and approached with caution, bululs now appear in souvenir shops as earrings, pendants, and bracelets, their sacred aura replaced by everyday familiarity. Dulnuan highlights how contemporary culture has transformed the community’s relationship to these once-powerful ritual objects.
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Rice granary guardian male and female figures (bululs)
Attributed to the carver Taguiling
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PERSON

Eulalie
Dulnuan
Tourism and Cultural Officer
President of the Ifugao Intangible Heritage and Performing Arts Society
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