Not Rice Gods: Exploring Misconceptions of Bulul

Armand Camhol explores the common misconceptions surrounding the bulul in Ifugao culture. These misunderstandings were largely shaped by early, non-native chroniclers whose Western and Christian perspectives influenced how these beings were documented. Although often labeled as “rice gods,” the bulul are far more complex and multifunctional, and they were never traditionally worshiped as deities.

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    PERSON

  • Armand Camhol with short hair and a thin mustache, wearing a grey button up shirt

    Armand

    Camhol

    Doctoral Candidate

    National Chengchi University in Taiwan